I was born in 1946, the first year after the World War II. My parents just survived hardships of evacuation and returned back home to Riga, then under Soviet occupation. I grew up among Russian speaking population of Latvia, and Russian culture become my root culture.

I graduated from the technical college as aviation engineer but never worked as such, instead I joined Riga Motion Studios as a designer of equipment for special effects. I was in my early twenties and mostly ignorant about art. At this time social realism was an official culture of the country and I did not care about it too much. Information about modern western art was hardly available and my knowledge of it was highly limited.

I started to photograph when I was nineteen, driven by desire to create my own personal style and vision. I was involved in portraiture and did some documentary shots, but soon realized the results did not satisfy me. I put my camera aside and concentrated on reading (Dostoevsky, Bulgakov) and cinematography (Tarkovsky, Parajanov). I was constantly looking for the way to express my personal feelings and thoughts using photography. One year later it came to me clear and simple. I decided to photograph Concepts. In 1972 I created my first, and most important image - Confession. I instantly recognized the potential possibilities of conceptual approach and the knowledge acquired from this image become a backbone of the work I have produced since.

In 1974, after years of disgust with communist authorities, I left my country and arrived in USA.

Conventional versus Conceptual

Do I point my camera outwards to the existing world or turn it inward towards my soul. Am I taking photographs of existing reality or creating my own world, so real but non-existent. Results from these two opposite approaches are notably different and, in my opinion, conceptual photography is a higher form of artistic expression that places photography on the level of painting, poetry, music and sculpture. It employs the special talent of intuitive vision. By translating the personal concepts into the language of photography, it reflects the possible answers to major questions of being: birth, death and life. Creating an idea and transforming it into reality is an essential process of conceptual photography.

Today's conventional approach, with a few exceptions, completely dominates Art Photography. But introduction of digital photography can change this balance. The ease of producing altered realities, will bring a new wave of talented artists, who will use it to express their special world of visions, with all its meanings, symbols and mystery. In a world of high technology will you still believe in truthfulness of a photograph? And does it matter? To me it matters. In all these years of creating conceptual images, I tried to make them as realistic as possible. My technical abilities have improved, allowing me to broaden horizons for my ideas.

But this is not the most important part of the process. The poor concept, perfectly executed, still makes a poor photograph. Therefore, the most important ingredient of the powerful image is a concept. The blend of a talent to create a concept and the skill to deliver it - those are two major building blocks of creating a convincing conceptual photograph.

It is not a new idea to manipulate photographic images. As a matter of fact all images are manipulated to a certain degree. The real power of photography emerges when altered reality is presented as existent and is expected to be perceived as such. An obviously manipulated image is a trick that shows a lack of understanding of the unique power of photography - the belief engraved in our subconscious that what was captured by the camera has to exist. In the best examples of successfully manipulated images the question "Is it real?" does not arise.

My first introduction to digital manipulations showed me how similar analog and digital techniques are. Each has its bright and dark spots. At this moment I don't see any reason to switch to digital. I still prefer glowing quality of original print and the laborious process to achieve it. Yet, I believe, that it is only matter of time before digital technology replaces analog and the conceptual approach will receive well deserved place in Art of Photography. I also want to believe that, many years from now, artists will continue to develop the language of photography, understanding and preserving its unique power.